Valuation - Methods, Reports & Regulation
When the law requires a valuation report, which method fits which business, and how a share price is set for a fundraise, transfer, ESOP or buyback. Registered-valuer triggers under the Companies Act, DCF versus net-asset and market multiples, and pricing rules for share issues and transfers - so the number holds up when an investor, auditor or regulator asks how it was reached.
See the Valuation serviceWhen Indian Law Requires a Registered Valuer
Where Indian company law, FEMA and income tax each require an independent valuation, which section triggers it, and who is allowed to sign that report.
Read articleBusiness Valuation Methods: DCF, NAV and Multiples
How discounted cash flow, net asset value and market multiples work, what moves each number, and the pushback investors and auditors raise most often.
Read articleValuation for ESOPs, Buybacks and SME IPO Pricing
How valuation works for ESOP exercise pricing, company buybacks and SME IPO basis of issue price, and why these three numbers never have to line up exactly.
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